水利水电工程施工质量通病防治导则

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目 录
1 总则.......................................................................................................................................................1
2 岩土明挖工程.......................................................................................................................................2
2.1 边坡开挖....................................................................................................................................2
2.2 岩基明挖....................................................................................................................................3
2.3 土基明挖....................................................................................................................................5
3 地下洞室开挖工程...............................................................................................................................7
3.1 钻爆法开挖................................................................................................................................7
3.2 掘进机开挖................................................................................................................................8
3.3 破碎围岩及土洞开挖................................................................................................................9
4 锚喷支护工程.....................................................................................................................................12
4.1 锚杆支护..................................................................................................................................12
4.2 喷射混凝土..............................................................................................................................12
4.3 格栅拱架或钢拱架..................................................................................................................13
4.4 预应力锚索..............................................................................................................................14
5 地基加固工程.....................................................................................................................................17
5.1 岩基地质构造处理..................................................................................................................17
5.2 灌注桩......................................................................................................................................17
5.3 振冲..........................................................................................................................................21
5.4 沉井..........................................................................................................................................22
5.5 强夯..........................................................................................................................................24
5.6 换土加固..................................................................................................................................25
6 防渗与排水工程.................................................................................................................................27
6.1 混凝土防渗墙..........................................................................................................................27
6.2 高喷防渗墙..............................................................................................................................31
6.3 振动板墙..................................................................................................................................33
6.4 深层搅拌防渗墙......................................................................................................................34
6.5 防渗土工膜铺设......................................................................................................................36
6.6 基础与边坡排水管、孔..........................................................................................................37
6.7 软基反滤材料及敷设（含天然合成材料）..........................................................................38
7 灌浆工程.............................................................................................................................................40
7.1 浆液与造孔..............................................................................................................................40
7.2 固结灌浆..................................................................................................................................43
7.3 帷幕灌浆..................................................................................................................................44
7.4 回填灌浆..................................................................................................................................46
7.5 接触灌浆..................................................................................................................................48
7.6 接缝灌浆..................................................................................................................................48
7.7 压水试验..................................................................................................................................51
8 混凝土工程.........................................................................................................................................53
8.1 模板..........................................................................................................................................53
8.2 钢筋..........................................................................................................................................54
8.3 止水及埋件..............................................................................................................................58
2
8.4 普通混凝土..............................................................................................................................60
8.5 预制构件混凝土......................................................................................................................64
8.6 预应力混凝土..........................................................................................................................64
8.7 碾压混凝土..............................................................................................................................65
8.8 水下混凝土..............................................................................................................................67
9 土石方填筑工程.................................................................................................................................69
9.1 基础面清理与基础处理..........................................................................................................69
9.2 填筑施工工艺试验..................................................................................................................70
9.3 土料填筑..................................................................................................................................70
9.4 堆石料填筑..............................................................................................................................72
9.5 反滤料填筑..............................................................................................................................73
9.6 接缝和结合部填筑..................................................................................................................74
10 砌体及护脚、护岸工程...................................................................................................................76
10.1 浆砌石工程............................................................................................................................76
10.2 干砌石工程............................................................................................................................79
10.3 混凝土预制块砌筑................................................................................................................79
10.4 护脚、护岸工程（抛石、抛枕）........................................................................................80
10.5 河道软体排............................................................................................................................81
11 疏浚工程...........................................................................................................................................84
11.1 河湖疏浚................................................................................................................................84
11.2 吹填工程................................................................................................................................85
12 金属结构制作及安装工程...............................................................................................................86
12.1 金属结构制作........................................................................................................................86
12.2 金属结构安装........................................................................................................................88
13 机电设备安装工程...........................................................................................................................90
13.1 水轮机安装............................................................................................................................90
13.2 发电机安装............................................................................................................................91
13.3 主变压器安装........................................................................................................................92
13.4 GIS 设备安装工程 ................................................................................................................94
13.5 防雷接地装置安装工程........................................................................................................95
14 安全监测系统安装调试与施工期监测...........................................................................................97
14.1 系统仪器、设备和电缆检验和率定....................................................................................97
14.2 仪器设备安装埋设与维护....................................................................................................98
14.3 电缆连接、敷设与保护......................................................................................................102
14.4 初始值..................................................................................................................................104
14.5 施工期监测..........................................................................................................................105
14.6 施工期监测资料整理整编和分析......................................................................................106
条文说明.................................................................................................................................................108
1 总则...................................................................................................................................................108
2 地下洞室开挖工程...........................................................................................................................109
2.1 钻爆法开挖............................................................................................................................109
2.2 掘进机开挖............................................................................................................................109
2.3 破碎围岩及土洞开挖............................................................................................................ 110
3 锚喷支护工程................................................................................................................................... 110
3
3.1 锚杆支护................................................................................................................................ 110
3.2 喷射混凝土............................................................................................................................ 111
3.3 格栅拱架或钢拱架................................................................................................................ 112
3.4 预应力锚索............................................................................................................................ 113
4 地基加固工程................................................................................................................................... 115
4.1 岩基地质构造处理................................................................................................................ 115
4.2 灌注桩.................................................................................................................................... 115
4.3 振冲........................................................................................................................................ 115
4.5 强夯........................................................................................................................................ 115
5 防渗与排水工程............................................................................................................................... 116
5.1 混凝土防渗墙........................................................................................................................ 116
5.2 高喷防渗墙............................................................................................................................120
5.3 振动板墙................................................................................................................................122
5.4 深层搅拌防渗墙....................................................................................................................122
5.5 防渗土工膜铺设....................................................................................................................123
6 灌浆工程...........................................................................................................................................124
6.1 浆液与造孔............................................................................................................................124
6.2 固结灌浆................................................................................................................................125
6.3 帷幕灌浆................................................................................................................................126
6.4 回填灌浆................................................................................................................................127
6.5 接触灌浆................................................................................................................................127
6.6 接缝灌浆................................................................................................................................128
6.7 压水试验................................................................................................................................128
7 混凝土工程.......................................................................................................................................129
8 土石方填筑工程...............................................................................................................................132
8.1 基础面清理与基础处理........................................................................................................132
8.2 填筑施工工艺试验................................................................................................................132
8.3 土料填筑................................................................................................................................132
8.4 堆石料填筑............................................................................................................................133
8.5 反滤料填筑............................................................................................................................133
8.6 接缝和结合部填筑................................................................................................................133