城市轨道交通工程建设安全生产标准化管理技术指南

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城市轨道交通工程建设安全生产标准化管理技术指南
目 录
前言.............................................................................................................................................................1
第一章 总则与基本规定...........................................................................................................................2
1.1 总则.................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 基本规定..........................................................................................................................................4
第二章 安全管理行为...............................................................................................................................7
2.1 建设单位..........................................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 管理体系................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 责任制与管理制度.................................................................................................................7
2.1.3 安全教育与培训.....................................................................................................................7
2.1.4 前期保障................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1.5 施工准备...............................................................................................................................10
2.1.6 现场管理...............................................................................................................................11
2.1.7 工程验收与档案管理.......................................................................................................... 12
2.2 勘察单位....................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 资质资格与管理体系.......................................................................................................... 13
2.2.2 管理制度...............................................................................................................................13
2.2.3 勘察大纲策划.......................................................................................................................13
2.2.4 勘察实施...............................................................................................................................15
2.2.5 勘察成果...............................................................................................................................17
2.2.6 勘察服务...............................................................................................................................19
2.2.7 工程验收与档案管理.......................................................................................................... 20
2.3 设计单位....................................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.1 资质资格及管理体系.......................................................................................................... 20
2.3.2 管理制度...............................................................................................................................21
2.3.3 设计依据...............................................................................................................................21
2.3.4 设计质量与安全控制.......................................................................................................... 23
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2.3.5 设计服务...............................................................................................................................25
2.3.6 工程验收与档案管理.......................................................................................................... 26
2.4 施工单位....................................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.1 资质资格与管理体系.......................................................................................................... 26
2.4.2 管理制度...............................................................................................................................28
2.4.3 安全教育与培训...................................................................................................................29
2.4.4 施工组织设计与专项施工方案.......................................................................................... 29
2.4.5 现场施工...............................................................................................................................31
2.4.6 工程验收与档案管理.......................................................................................................... 33
2.5 监理单位....................................................................................................................................... 33
2.5.1 资质资格与管理体系.......................................................................................................... 33
2.5.2 管理制度...............................................................................................................................34
2.5.3 监理规划与实施细则.......................................................................................................... 34
2.5.4 监理审查...............................................................................................................................35
2.5.5 现场管理...............................................................................................................................36
2.5.6 协调管理...............................................................................................................................37
2.5.7 工程验收与档案管理.......................................................................................................... 37
2.6 第三方监测单位........................................................................................................................... 38
2.6.1 资质资格与管理机构.......................................................................................................... 38
2.6.2 管理制度...............................................................................................................................38
2.6.3 仪器设备...............................................................................................................................38
2.6.4 监测方案制定及审查.......................................................................................................... 39
2.6.5 现场实施...............................................................................................................................40
2.6.6 档案管理...............................................................................................................................41
第三章 安全风险管理............................................................................................................................42
3.1 风险分级管控............................................................................................................................... 42
3.1.1 总体要求...............................................................................................................................42
3.1.2 风险等级标准.......................................................................................................................43
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3.1.3 规划阶段风险管理.............................................................................................................. 44
3.1.4 可行性研究阶段风险管理.................................................................................................. 46
3.1.5 勘察与设计阶段风险管理.................................................................................................. 47
3.1.6 招标、投标与合同签订阶段风险管理.............................................................................. 51
3.1.7 施工阶段风险管理.............................................................................................................. 52
3.1.8 风险咨询...............................................................................................................................57
3.1.9 安全检测...............................................................................................................................58
3.1.10 安全风险管理平台运用.................................................................................................... 59
3.2 隐患排查治理............................................................................................................................... 59
3.2.1 隐患分类和分级...................................................................................................................59
3.2.2 工作机制及各方职责.......................................................................................................... 59
3.2.3 危险源辨识和隐患清单...................................................................................................... 60
3.2.4 隐患排查治理实施.............................................................................................................. 60
3.3 应急管理....................................................................................................................................... 62
3.3.1 应急管理机制.......................................................................................................................62
3.3.2 应急预案...............................................................................................................................63
3.3.3 培训与演练...........................................................................................................................64
3.3.4 应急响应...............................................................................................................................64
3.3.5 现场处置...............................................................................................................................66
3.3.6 事故处理...............................................................................................................................67
3.4 重大风险管理............................................................................................................................... 67
3.4.1 危大工程管理.......................................................................................................................67
3.4.2 关键节点条件核查.............................................................................................................. 73
3.5 特殊条件风险管理.......................................................................................................................78
3.5.1 周边环境安全与不良地质管理.......................................................................................... 78
3.5.2 特殊气候安全管理.............................................................................................................. 93
3.6 风险预警预报管理.......................................................................................................................99
3.6.1 管理机制...............................................................................................................................99
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3.6.2 预警分类与信息报送........................................................................................................102
3.6.3 现场监测实施....................................................................................................................104
3.6.4 预警响应与处置................................................................................................................108
3.6.5 预警消警............................................................................................................................109
第四章 安全文明施工......................................................................................................................... 110
4.1 现场安全文明施工....................................................................................................................110
4.1.1 文明施工............................................................................................................................110
4.1.2 安全防护............................................................................................................................116
4.1.3 临时用电............................................................................................................................123
4.1.4 消防安全............................................................................................................................129
4.1.5 机械设备............................................................................................................................135
4.1.6 设备作业管理....................................................................................................................147
4.2 通用工程施工............................................................................................................................150
4.2.1 脚手架工程........................................................................................................................150
4.2.2 钢筋工程............................................................................................................................152
4.2.3 模板支架工程....................................................................................................................153
第五章 明挖、盖挖法施工................................................................................................................. 160
5.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................160
5.2 基坑支护.....................................................................................................................................160
5.2.1 支挡式结构........................................................................................................................160
5.2.2 支撑体系............................................................................................................................163
5.2.3 边坡支护............................................................................................................................165
5.3 降排水.........................................................................................................................................166
5.3.1 基坑降水............................................................................................................................166
5.3.2 基坑排水............................................................................................................................167
5.4 基坑开挖.....................................................................................................................................168
5.4.1 围护结构检测....................................................................................................................168
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5.4.2 开挖节点条件核查............................................................................................................168
5.4.3 土方开挖............................................................................................................................169
5.4.4 围护结构缺陷应对措施....................................................................................................170
5.5 结构施工.....................................................................................................................................170
5.6 作业环境.....................................................................................................................................171
5.6.1 坑边载荷............................................................................................................................171
5.6.2 上下通道............................................................................................................................171
5.6.3 基坑安全距离....................................................................................................................171
5.6.4 防护措施............................................................................................................................171
5.6.5 安全监护............................................................................................................................172
5.7 支撑拆除.....................................................................................................................................172
5.8 基坑施工监测.............................................................................................................................172
5.8.1 基坑监测项目....................................................................................................................173
5.8.2 基坑监测点布设、监测频率............................................................................................173
5.8.3 基坑监测预警....................................................................................................................173
5.9 基坑防坍塌措施.........................................................................................................................177
5.10 盖挖法施工...............................................................................................................................178
5.10.1 开挖..................................................................................................................................178
5.10.2 支撑..................................................................................................................................178
5.10.3 作业环境..........................................................................................................................178
第六章 盾构/TBM 法施工....................................................................................................................180
6.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................180
6.1.1 施工方案要求....................................................................................................................180
6.1.2 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................180
6.2 盾构/TBM 选型............................................................................................................................180
6.3 安装调试.....................................................................................................................................181
6.4 始发、接收.................................................................................................................................181
6.4.1 始发、接收条件核查........................................................................................................181
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6.4.2 端头井加固........................................................................................................................182
6.4.3 探孔施工............................................................................................................................182
6.4.4 盾构洞门钢环及密封装置................................................................................................183
6.4.5 反力架及托架....................................................................................................................184
6.4.6 盾构机过站调头................................................................................................................184
6.4.6 始发、接收管片固定........................................................................................................184
6.4.7 围护结构破除....................................................................................................................185
6.5 盾构机掘进施工.........................................................................................................................185
6.5.1 掘进参数控制....................................................................................................................185
6.5.2 同步注浆............................................................................................................................186
6.5.3 二次注浆............................................................................................................................187
6.5.4 盾构机穿越重要建（构）筑物、既有线路（含铁路）施工前条件核查...................187
6.5.5 盾构机设备检修与保养....................................................................................................188
6.6 管片堆放与管片拼装.................................................................................................................189
6.6.1 管片堆放............................................................................................................................189
6.6.2 管片拼装............................................................................................................................189
6.7 施工运输.....................................................................................................................................189
6.7.1 垂直运输............................................................................................................................189
6.7.2 水平有轨运输....................................................................................................................190
6.7.3 管道输送/出渣..................................................................................................................190
6.7.4 皮带机输送/出渣..............................................................................................................191
6.8 开仓作业.....................................................................................................................................191
6.8.1 开仓作业施工要求............................................................................................................191
6.8.2 刀具运输及储存................................................................................................................193
6.9 隧道洞门施工.............................................................................................................................194
6.9.1 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................194
6.9.2 隧道洞门施工要求............................................................................................................195
6.10 联络通道冻结法施工.............................................................................................................. 195
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6.10.1 基本要求..........................................................................................................................195
6.10.2 冻结孔施工......................................................................................................................195
6.10.3 冻结站布置及安装..........................................................................................................196
6.10.4 冻结壁检测......................................................................................................................197
6.10.5 开挖及支护......................................................................................................................197
6.10.6 充填注浆与融沉注浆......................................................................................................198
6.11 作业环境...................................................................................................................................198
6.11.1 安全防护与保护措施......................................................................................................198
6.11.2 通风..................................................................................................................................199
6.11.3 有害气体检测..................................................................................................................199
6.12 盾构隧道监测...........................................................................................................................200
6.12.1 监测项目及频率..............................................................................................................200
6.12.2 监测点设置......................................................................................................................201
6.12.3 监测数据..........................................................................................................................201
6.13 盾构监控...................................................................................................................................201
6.14 盾构隧道防坍塌措施.............................................................................................................. 202
6.15TBM 法掘进施工.........................................................................................................................203
6.15.1TBM 掘进............................................................................................................................203
6.15.2 豆砾石吹填......................................................................................................................204
第七章 矿山法施工............................................................................................................................. 205
7.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................205
7.1.1 施工方案............................................................................................................................205
7.1.2 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................205
7.2 降水排水.....................................................................................................................................205
7.2.1 竖井与洞口排水................................................................................................................205
7.2.2 洞内排水............................................................................................................................206
7.2.3 降水施工............................................................................................................................206
7.3 竖井.............................................................................................................................................207
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7.3.1 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................207
7.3.2 隔水帷幕............................................................................................................................208
7.3.3 竖井开挖及支护................................................................................................................208
7.3.4 喷射混凝土........................................................................................................................209
7.3.5 垂直运输............................................................................................................................210
7.3.6 人行通道............................................................................................................................210
7.4 洞口工程.....................................................................................................................................211
7.4.1 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................211
7.4.2 洞口工程施工....................................................................................................................211
7.5 超前支护.....................................................................................................................................212
7.5.1 超前地质预报....................................................................................................................212
7.5.2 超前管棚及小导管............................................................................................................212
7.5.3 注浆加固............................................................................................................................213
7.6 开挖.............................................................................................................................................213
7.6.1 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................213
7.6.2 开挖....................................................................................................................................215
7.7 初期支护.....................................................................................................................................217
7.7.1 钢筋网片和钢架................................................................................................................217
7.7.2 锚杆（管）........................................................................................................................218
7.7.3 喷射混凝土........................................................................................................................218
7.7.4 初支背后回填注浆............................................................................................................218
7.7.5 初支断面侵限处理............................................................................................................219
7.8 防水作业.....................................................................................................................................219
7.8.1 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................219
7.8.2.防水施工...........................................................................................................................219
7.9 二次衬砌.....................................................................................................................................220
7.9.1 临时支护拆除....................................................................................................................220
7.9.2 钢筋工程............................................................................................................................220
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7.9.3 模板及支架........................................................................................................................221
7.9.4 混凝土................................................................................................................................222
7.10 隧道运输...................................................................................................................................222
7.11 作业环境...................................................................................................................................223
7.12 冬期施工防护措施...................................................................................................................223
7.13 施工监测...................................................................................................................................224
7.14 防坍塌措施...............................................................................................................................226
第八章 高架施工................................................................................................................................. 228
8.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................228
8.1.1 施工方案............................................................................................................................228
8.1.2 关键节点条件核查............................................................................................................228
8.2 桩基.............................................................................................................................................228
8.2.1 钻孔....................................................................................................................................228
8.2.2 泥浆....................................................................................................................................229
8.2.3 钢筋笼吊装........................................................................................................................229
8.2.4 水下混凝土灌注................................................................................................................229
8.2.5 桩头破除............................................................................................................................229
8.2.6 人工挖孔桩........................................................................................................................229
8.3 承台.............................................................................................................................................233
8.3.1 基坑开挖............................................................................................................................233
8.3.2 钢筋吊装............................................................................................................................233
8.3.3 模板安装............................................................................................................................233
8.3.4 混凝土浇筑........................................................................................................................234
8.4 墩台帽（墩柱、系梁、盖梁、垫石及支座）........................................................................234
8.4.1 脚手架及作业平台搭设....................................................................................................234
8.4.2 钢筋安装............................................................................................................................234
8.4.3 模板安装及拆除................................................................................................................234
8.4.4 混凝土浇筑........................................................................................................................235