过程装备与控制工程专业英语阅读材料翻译

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Reading Material 16
Pressure Vessel Codes
History of Pressure Vessel Codes in the United States Through the late 1800s and early 1900s， explosions in boilers and pressure vessels were frequent. A firetube boiler explosion on the Mississippi River steamboat Sultana on April 27， 1865， resulted in the boats sinking within 20 minutes and the death of 1500 soldiers going home after the Civil War. This type of catastrophe continued unabated into the early 1900s. In 1905， a destructive explosion of a firetube boiler in a shoe factory in Brockton， Massachusetts， killed 58 people， injured 117 others， and did $ 400000 in property damage. In 1906， another explosion in a shoe factory in Lynn， Massachusetts， resulted in death， injury， and extensive property damage. After this accident， the Massachusetts governor directed the formation of a Board of Boiler Rules. The first set of rules for the design and construction of boilers was approved in Massachusetts on August 30， 1907. This code was three pages long.
In 1911， Colonel E. D. Meier， the president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers， established a committee to write a set of rules for the design and construction of boilers and pressure vessels. On February 13， 1915， the first ASME Boiler Code was issued. It was entitled Boiler Construction Code， 1914 Edition.” This was the beginning of the various sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code， which ultimately became Section 1， Power Boiler.