电磁轨道炮电枢接触界面温度场仿真研究

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The contact condition of armature and rail and the launch performance of the system are affected by the ther- mal characteristic on interface between armature and rail of electromagnetic launching railgun. The friction coefficient and contact resistance of the interface were analyzed, the simulation models for Joule heat and friction heat were established to simulation the transient thermal distribution, and combining with tested armature, the temperature distribution characteristic was analyzed. The results show that the Joule heat in armature shows a gradient distribution from head to rear, and the heat congregating in rear of armature causes the damage of material severely. The friction heat only distributes in the thin layer of contact face, and along with armature sliding and wearing, friction heat dissipates on aluminum melt film, and thus, has little effect on armature performance.电磁轨道炮的电枢与轨道界面热特性影响枢轨接触状况和其系统发射性能。对轨道炮枢轨界面的摩擦因数和界面间的接触电阻特性进行分析；建立由焦耳热和摩擦热引起的瞬态温度场仿真模型，并进行有限元求解；依据试验回收电枢的接触表面状况，对电枢接触面经历的温度分布及变化特性进行分析。结果表明：从电枢头部至尾部，焦耳热分布呈现梯度分布，聚集在尾部局部的热量对电枢损伤严重；摩擦热只分布在接触界面的薄层区域内，随着电枢的滑动和磨损，摩擦热耗散在铝熔层上，因而对电枢热性能影响较小。