工程机械驾驶室舒适性设计中的低频隔振优化

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To improve the ride comfort of construction machineries, a 6-degree-of-freedom model of cab isolation system was established where rubber mounts were modeled as three-dimensional isolators and an optimal design approach to taking into account the control of cab shaking in low frequency range was proposed in this article. The vibration total value of weighted r.m.s acceleration response in the cab mass center, defined as the optimization objective, was calculated under the excitations at principal frequencies in 1/3 octaves from the frequency range 1 to 80 Hz where the human body was sensitive. And the optimization model which defined stiffness values as design variables was developed. Finally, a finite element model of a loader cab isolation system was built for the optimization design example, and the results showed that the vertical response at the center of the seat decreased significantly and the coupling between bouncing and pitching modes became weak. The test results showed that the isolation properties of the cab in three directions were all improved and the proposed optimization model was reasonable.为提高工程机械乘坐舒适性,针对驾驶室低频晃动问题,同时考虑隔振器垂直和水平刚度,对6自由度驾驶室隔振系统进行优化设计。提出采用激励频率为人体敏感的1～80Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率计算驾驶室质心总加权加速度均方根值的方法,以此为优化目标、隔振器刚度为设计变量建立低频隔振优化模型。以装载机驾驶室隔振系统为优化算例,建立有限元模型,结果显示优化后座椅中心处垂直方向响应振幅明显减小,驾驶室垂直和俯仰模态得到解耦;实际测试结果显示驾驶室3个方向隔振均有所改善,表明优化模型的合理性。