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铝合金汽车前碰撞横梁的轻量化设计与碰撞性能分析

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铝合金汽车前碰撞横梁的轻量化设计与碰撞性能分析文章编号:1004-0609(2012)1-0090-09

铝合金汽车前碰撞横梁的轻量化设计与碰撞性能分析

王 冠 1, 2
,周 佳 1, 2
,刘志文 1, 2
,李落星 1, 2
,刘 波 3
,李晓青 3
,刘扬胜 3


(1. 湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙 410082;
2. 湖南大学 材料科学与工程学院,长沙 410082;
3. 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 汽车工程研究院 车身技术研究所,重庆 401120)

摘 要:基于显式动力学有限元分析软件,以混合细胞自动机(HCA)作为优化计算模型,对铝合金前碰撞横梁的
结构进行优化设计。针对拓扑优化结果,采用模拟退火法优化横梁壁厚尺寸,获得薄壁、中空且带有加强筋结构
的铝合金前碰撞横梁设计方案。以 6061 铝合金前碰撞横梁替代某车型原钢质横梁,通过台车碰撞进行仿真模拟
与实验验证♂果表明:铝合金前碰撞横梁比原钢质前碰撞横梁质量减轻了25%,且具有较高的抗弯曲强度,低
速碰撞下,铝合金前碰撞横梁较原钢质件系统吸能提高了45.6%。
关键词:铝合金;碰撞横梁;混合细胞自动机;吸能性能;拓扑优化
中图分类号:TG146.21 文献标志码:A

Lightweight design and crash performance analysis of
automotive aluminum bumper

WANG Guan1, 2
, ZHOU Jia
1, 2
, LIU Zhi-wen1, 2
, LI Luo-xing1, 2
, LIU Bo3
, LI Xiao-qing3
, LIU Yang-sheng3


(1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University,
Changsha 410082, China;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
3. Body Technology Research Department, Automotive Engineering Institute, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. Ltd.,
Chongqing 401120, China)

Abstract: The finite element analysis software based on explicit dynamic method was applied to the topology
optimization of aluminum bumper using hybrid cellular automata (HCA) as an optimizing model. The results of topology
optimization show that the simulated annealing method can be used for the optimization design of the bumper thickness,
and the thin-walled, hollow aluminum bumper with reinforced ribs is obtained. The original steel bumper was replaced by
6061 aluminum alloy. Both the car crash simulation and experiment were performed. The results indicate that the mass of
aluminum bumper is 25% lighter than that of the original steel bumper. The aluminum bumper has higher flexural
strength than the original steel bumper. At the same time, the crash energy absorption of the aluminum bumper system is
45.6% higher than that of the original steel bumper system in low-speed collision.
Key words: aluminum alloy; bumper; hybrid cellular automata; energy absorption; topology optimization


汽车保险杠-般由塑料保险杠壳体、碰撞横梁和
左右两个碰撞盒以及其他部件组成。汽车碰撞横梁是
汽车的安全防护装置之-,可在车辆碰撞中吸收缓和
外界冲击力,以提高车身碰撞安全性能[1−2]
。铝合金具

基金项目:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20090161110027);湖南受出青年基金资助项目(09JJ1007);重庆市科技攻关计划项目
CSTC, 2007AA4008);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主课题(61075005)
收稿日期:2010-12-20;修订日期:2011-04-29
通信作者:李落星,教授,博士;电话:0731-88821950; E-mail: luoxingli###yahoo.com

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